Augmented Reality (AR) is a
concept that mixes the real world and a virtual world into a single image. Two
other concepts that may seem similar but offer different characteristics are
Virtual Reality and Telepresence. Let’s take a look at them so that nobody gets
confused.
Virtual Reality, as its name
indicates, consists of the creation of a new world that may look real, but is
completely virtual. It is the will of its creator to make this world as close
as possible to the real world, or to build another world with completely
different rules and characteristics. A perfect example of this concept is the
online software “Second Life”.
Telepresence is another different
concept. It allows the user to be “virtually” present in a different place that
the one he currently stands in. A very frequent use of telepresence is applied
during video conferences for instance.
AR is something different. Sometimes also
called Mixed Reality, it allows the user to see both the real world and some
virtual elements at the same time. When speaking about AR, the word that
appears the most is “enhancement”. That is exactly the principle of AR: see the
real world enhanced by some virtual adjustments. Those enhancements can be
found in different shapes. The most common are physical (pictures, objects,
videos, and so on), and written (text, information) enhancement.
These enhancements could be added
thanks to a see-through device, or a device that supports both a camera and a
screen, but that also carries programmable hardware. A Smartphone is a perfect
incarnation of such a device. Indeed, a very common use of augmented reality is
within those smartphone applications that allow the user to add objects to a
picture, or to modify the picture as he wishes.
Not only smartphones can support
AR in action, another popular option is the head mounted display (HMD). First
created in 1968 by Ivan Sutherland, the HMD allows a deeper immersion in the
enhanced reality because the user doesn’t have to hold anything; the
enhancements are brought directly to his eyes. In a very near future, some
device will be offered to the mass market: Google will make the Google Glasses;
Laster technologies issued some glasses for industrial or medical uses while Optinvent
is already selling some AR glasses for leisure uses. Finally, Oakley has produced
some AR sunglasses aimed to the sport market. Those new HMD displays are light and
convenient to carry with us all day long if necessary.
Tourism has been one of the
latest industries to be approached by AR because, in order to be useful for
tourism purpose, the devices hosting the AR technology needed to support active
geo-localization software as well. Indeed the tourist needs to receive information
that is relevant to its position: where am I? Where is the closest bus station?
What is this building in front of me? What is the story about this monument? In
this field, the most used aspects of AR will be the providing of information of
course. The user should turn his device in a direction and see on the screen
all he needs to know about what is displayed on the screen. And this can only
be done with a device that can detect where the user his, and which direction
he is looking at. So the mix of a GPS (Global positioning System) and a compass
is needed. Both can be found in a Smartphone already. Thus, AR can be an
interactive tourism guide that responds to the user’s position and needs.
Knowing the huge impact it could
have on the tourism industry, it is rather surprising to find that, to this
date, only a few locations (mainly cities) decided to create a mobile
application (App) that can allow users to discover the said location in an
interactive way thanks to AR. The first App was Tuscany +, developed by the
Tuscan region, in Italy in 2010. The App can be downloaded in Apple’s App
store. Then the experience begins. The user can chose to apply filters to the
App. For example if he is looking for a restaurant, he can choose the
“restaurant” option in the menu, and the location of the nearest restaurants
will be shown on the screen. The user can choose to see the results on a map
showing his location and the walking time to the destination, or indicated on
the image he sees while looking through the camera of his IPhone.
Following this App, only two more
examples appeared in Europe: one in Germany and one in France, in Bordeaux.
Bordeaux’s AR App, called Imayana, is a little different though. While Tuscany
+ focuses on providing the users with useful information regarding the
facilities of the region, Imayana wants to give the full experience to the
user. Here, the AR will not only be used for information, but also to show the
tourist how the city looked like in the ancient times. The tourist will see the
progressive regression of some historical buildings through the device, until
they reach their original state. Some statues will suddenly come to life and
interact with the tourists, explaining them some historical facts. The aim of
Imayana is really to immerse completely the tourist so that his experience
would be as true and fulfilling as possible. This is based on the theory that
the learning process is much more efficient if entertainment is involved, and
on the prerequisite that tourists want to experience and see the city and its
history deeply. Also, Imayana is not an App. The tourist has to rent the device
(touch pad) at any tourism office, but cannot download the software on his own
device.
As of now, a few applications for
tourism purposes are in development around the world, but it seems that the
trend is growing and soon, every destination will need to provide its visitor
with such a product.
By Qian GE and Alexis Brenet